This is where we determine proper plant use and placement, such as using plants with natural disease resistance or plants that are best adapted to the existing site conditions. Using the right plant in the right place can eliminate a pest problem before it starts. For example, Lawson cypress trees are susceptible to a root disease. We eliminate this problem by designing landscapes using other native cedar species that are resistant to this disease.

Establishing thresholds for action and a tolerance level for various pests is an example of using proper policy to manage pests. These thresholds vary according to plant, pest, and site. For example, by tolerating a certain level of weeds in general park turf, we can reduce the need to apply broadleaf herbicides.

Finally, where it makes sense for the site, we can return certain landscaped areas to a less managed state. These less managed areas often result in a long-term reduction in maintenance costs and some pest control needs.